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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(7): 309-314, 1 oct., 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156425

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome de Aicardi-Goutières es una rara encefalopatía subaguda progresiva de inicio precoz -generalmente en el primer año de vida- caracterizada por retraso psicomotor, microcefalia, alteraciones en la sustancia blanca cerebral, calcificaciones intracraneales, pleocitosis y niveles elevados de interferón alfa en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Asocia un incremento en la expresión de los genes estimulados por interferón en la sangre periférica, hecho conocido como interferon signature. Los niveles de genes estimulados por interferón se han postulado como un buen biomarcador, pues se mantienen elevados en la sangre periférica en el tiempo y son más sensibles, en comparación con las determinaciones de interferón alfa y neopterinas en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, las cuales descienden a partir del año de vida. Hasta la fecha se han descrito mutaciones en siete genes que sobreestimulan la vía del interferón alfa, y el último en descubrirse ha sido el IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante. Caso clínico. Se presenta el primer caso descrito en la bibliografía hispana debido a mutación de novo en el gen IFIH1. Se expone el cuadro clínico, los estudios realizados y la revisión de los aspectos clínicos, neurorradiológicos y genéticos. Conclusiones. La herencia de las mutaciones descritas para el síndrome de Aicardi-Goutières era clásicamente autosómica recesiva, pero estos hallazgos muestran que mutaciones autosómicas dominantes en el gen IFIH1 pueden causar la enfermedad. Como hallazgo de neuroimagen no descrito previamente, presenta una lesión de encefalomalacia quística en la protuberancia (AU)


Introduction. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is a rare progressive subacute encephalopathy of early onset -generally in the first year of life- characterised by psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, alterations in the white matter of the brain, intracranial calcifications, pleocytosis and elevated levels of interferon alpha in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is associated to an increase in the expression of genes stimulated by interferon in peripheral blood, a fact known as the interferon signature. The levels of genes stimulated by interferon has been postulated as a good biomarker, as they remain high in peripheral blood over time and are more sensitive, in comparison to determinations of interferon alpha and neopterins in cerebrospinal fluid, which descend as of one year of life. To date, mutations have been reported in seven genes that overstimulate the interferon alpha pathway, and the last to be discovered is IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), with a pattern of dominant autosomal inheritance. Case report. We present the first case reported in the Hispanic literature caused by a de novo mutation in the IFIH1 gene. The clinical features, studies conducted and review of the clinical, neuroradiological and genetic aspects are described. Conclusions. The inheritance of the mutations reported for Aicardi-Goutières syndrome was classically considered as being recessive autosomal, but these findings show that dominant autosomal mutations in the IFIH1 gene can cause the disease. As a previously unreported neuroimaging finding, it presents a lesion consisting in cystic encephalomalacia in the pons (AU)


Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Síndrome de Aicardi/diagnóstico , Microcefalia/etiologia , Transtornos Psicomotores/etiologia , Interferon Tipo I , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon , Mutação/genética , Encefalomalacia/etiologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/instrumentação
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(5): 218-222, 1 mar., 2016. graf, ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183072

RESUMO

Introducción. La paraplejía espástica hereditaria (PEH) representa un conjunto de cuadros clínicos neurodegenerativos que se caracteriza por pérdida progresiva de fuerza en los miembros inferiores con espasticidad. Esto se debe a una lesión axonal en los haces corticoespinales. La de tipo 1, conocida como SPG1, es la forma más común de PEH ligada al cromosoma X. Ésta se produce por una mutación en el gen de la molécula de adhesión celular L1 (L1CAM). La SPG1 se manifiesta con el síndrome CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity and hydrocephalus). Casos clínicos. Tres varones, dos hermanos y un primo (materno), con un cuadro clínico de discapacidad intelectual, paraparesia espástica, piramidalismo, dismorfias faciales y pulgares en aducción. La neuroimagen mostró agenesia del cuerpo calloso y ventriculomegalia en los tres. Los estudios neurofisiológico y metabólico fueron normales. El estudio genético evidenció en todos ellos una mutación concreta en el gen L1CAM (Xq28). Conclusión. Se describen los hallazgos clinicorradiológicos de tres varones afectos de síndrome CRASH por mutación c.516G>A en el exón 5 del gen L1CAM. Éstos parecen ser los primeros casos descritos en España según la bibliografía actual. Recomendamos sospechar este síndrome cuando se asocian paraparesia espástica, discapacidad intelectual y pulgares aductos


Introduction. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a set of neurodegenerative clinical features characterised by a progressive loss of strength in the lower limbs together with spasticity. It is the result of an axonal lesion in the corticospinal tracts. Type 1, known as SPG1, is the most common form of X-linked HSP. This is produced by a mutation in the gene for the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM). SPG1 presents with CRASH syndrome (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity and hydrocephalus). Case reports. We report the cases of three males, two brothers and a cousin (on the mother’s side), with clinical features including intellectual disability, spastic paraparesis, long tract signs, facial dysmorphism and adducted thumbs. Neuroimaging revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly in all three of them. Neurophysiological and metabolic studies were normal. The genetic study evidenced a specific mutation of the L1CAM gene (Xq28) in all three cases. Conclusion. We describe the clinical-radiological findings in three males with CRASH syndrome due to mutation c.516G>A in exon 5 of the L1CAM gene. These seem to be the first cases reported in Spain, according to the current literature. We recommend suspecting this syndrome when spastic paraparesis, intellectual disability and adducted thumbs are associated


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Moléculas de Adesão de Célula Nervosa , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação , Paraplegia Espástica Hereditária/genética , Fenótipo , Linhagem
3.
Rev Neurol ; 62(5): 218-22, 2016 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26916325

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a set of neurodegenerative clinical features characterised by a progressive loss of strength in the lower limbs together with spasticity. It is the result of an axonal lesion in the corticospinal tracts. Type 1, known as SPG1, is the most common form of X-linked HSP. This is produced by a mutation in the gene for the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM). SPG1 presents with CRASH syndrome (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity and hydrocephalus). CASE REPORTS: We report the cases of three males, two brothers and a cousin (on the mother's side), with clinical features including intellectual disability, spastic paraparesis, long tract signs, facial dysmorphism and adducted thumbs. Neuroimaging revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly in all three of them. Neurophysiological and metabolic studies were normal. The genetic study evidenced a specific mutation of the L1CAM gene (Xq28) in all three cases. CONCLUSION: We describe the clinical-radiological findings in three males with CRASH syndrome due to mutation c.516G>A in exon 5 of the L1CAM gene. These seem to be the first cases reported in Spain, according to the current literature. We recommend suspecting this syndrome when spastic paraparesis, intellectual disability and adducted thumbs are associated.


TITLE: Paraplejia espastica hereditaria ligada al cromosoma X por mutacion en el gen L1CAM: presentacion de tres casos del sindrome CRASH.Introduccion. La paraplejia espastica hereditaria (PEH) representa un conjunto de cuadros clinicos neurodegenerativos que se caracteriza por perdida progresiva de fuerza en los miembros inferiores con espasticidad. Esto se debe a una lesion axonal en los haces corticoespinales. La de tipo 1, conocida como SPG1, es la forma mas comun de PEH ligada al cromosoma X. Esta se produce por una mutacion en el gen de la molecula de adhesion celular L1 (L1CAM). La SPG1 se manifiesta con el sindrome CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity and hydrocephalus). Casos clinicos. Tres varones, dos hermanos y un primo (materno), con un cuadro clinico de discapacidad intelectual, paraparesia espastica, piramidalismo, dismorfias faciales y pulgares en aduccion. La neuroimagen mostro agenesia del cuerpo calloso y ventriculomegalia en los tres. Los estudios neurofisiologico y metabolico fueron normales. El estudio genetico evidencio en todos ellos una mutacion concreta en el gen L1CAM (Xq28). Conclusion. Se describen los hallazgos clinicorradiologicos de tres varones afectos de sindrome CRASH por mutacion c.516G>A en el exon 5 del gen L1CAM. Estos parecen ser los primeros casos descritos en España segun la bibliografia actual. Recomendamos sospechar este sindrome cuando se asocian paraparesia espastica, discapacidad intelectual y pulgares aductos.


Assuntos
Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mutação , Molécula L1 de Adesão de Célula Nervosa/genética , Paraplegia Espástica Hereditária/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo
4.
Rev Neurol ; 58(2): 63-8, 2014 Jan 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24399622

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pallister-Killian syndrome is characterised by intellectual disability, hypotonia, motor disability and a characteristic phenotype in which notable features include a rugged-looking face, alterations affecting the pigmentation of the skin and bitemporal alopecia. It is often associated with seizures and malformations in other organs and systems. The main cause is mosaicism for tetrasomy of chromosome 12p. CASE REPORTS: We present three new paediatric cases of this rare entity, its clinical features are described and a literature review is carried out. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to be familiar with the syndrome so that it can be diagnosed, since what commonly happens is that, without performing a skin biopsy or buccal smear, the chromosomal abnormality goes undetected if the classic cytogenetic techniques are used. Nowadays, the diagnosis can be performed in blood by means of CGH-array or SNP-array, although the chances of finding the chromosomal anomaly depend on the percentage of mosaicism.


TITLE: Presentacion de tres casos de sindrome de Pallister-Killian.Introduccion. El sindrome de Pallister-Killian se caracteriza por discapacidad intelectual, hipotonia, retraso motor y un fenotipo caracteristico en el que destaca un aspecto facial tosco, alteraciones pigmentarias de la piel y alopecia bitemporal. Es frecuente que se asocie a crisis convulsivas y a malformaciones en otros organos y sistemas. Tiene como causa principal el mosaicismo para la tetrasomia del cromosoma 12p. Casos clinicos. Se presentan tres nuevos casos pediatricos afectos de esta rara entidad, se describen las caracteristicas clinicas y se realiza una revision de la bibliografia. Conclusiones. Debe resaltarse la importancia del conocimiento del sindrome para poder llevar a cabo su diagnostico, puesto que lo habitual es que, sin practicar la biopsia cutanea o el frotis de mucosa bucal, la anomalia cromosomica pasa desapercibida si se usan tecnicas citogeneticas clasicas. Hoy en dia, es posible realizar el diagnostico en sangre mediante array-CGH o array-SNP, si bien la posibilidad de encontrar la anomalia cromosomica depende del porcentaje de mosaicismo.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Alopecia/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos Cromossômicos/patologia , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12/genética , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Epilepsia/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Isocromossomos , Masculino , Mosaicismo , Fenótipo , Transtornos da Pigmentação/genética , Tetrassomia
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(2): 63-68, 16 ene., 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118031

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome de Pallister-Killian se caracteriza por discapacidad intelectual, hipotonía, retraso motor y un fenotipo característico en el que destaca un aspecto facial tosco, alteraciones pigmentarias de la piel y alopecia bitemporal. Es frecuente que se asocie a crisis convulsivas y a malformaciones en otros órganos y sistemas. Tiene como causa principal el mosaicismo para la tetrasomía del cromosoma 12p. Casos clínicos. Se presentan tres nuevos casos pediátricos afectos de esta rara entidad, se describen las características clínicas y se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía. Conclusiones. Debe resaltarse la importancia del conocimiento del síndrome para poder llevar a cabo su diagnóstico, puesto que lo habitual es que, sin practicar la biopsia cutánea o el frotis de mucosa bucal, la anomalía cromosómica pasa desapercibida si se usan técnicas citogenéticas clásicas. Hoy en día, es posible realizar el diagnóstico en sangre mediante array-CGH o array-SNP, si bien la posibilidad de encontrar la anomalía cromosómica depende del porcentaje de mosaicismo (AU)


Introduction. Pallister-Killian syndrome is characterised by intellectual disability, hypotonia, motor disability and a characteristic phenotype in which notable features include a rugged-looking face, alterations affecting the pigmentation of the skin and bitemporal alopecia. It is often associated with seizures and malformations in other organs and systems. The main cause is mosaicism for tetrasomy of chromosome 12p. Case reports. We present three new paediatric cases of this rare entity, its clinical features are described and a literature review is carried out. Conclusions. It is important to be familiar with the syndrome so that it can be diagnosed, since what commonly happens is that, without performing a skin biopsy or buccal smear, the chromosomal abnormality goes undetected if the classic cytogenetic techniques are used. Nowadays, the diagnosis can be performed in blood by means of CGH-array or SNP-array, although the chances of finding the chromosomal anomaly depend on the percentage of mosaicism (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Síndrome de Pallister-Hall/genética , Isocromossomos/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Mosaicismo , Tetrassomia/genética , Biópsia
6.
Rev Neurol ; 54(4): 222-6, 2012 Feb 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22314763

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Familial hemiplegic migraine is a rare subtype of migraine with aura that includes, as it progresses, a motor defect together with visual or sensory symptoms or speech disorders. It may be associated to symptoms such as basilar migraine, coma and convulsions. Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 accounts for 25% of them. CASE REPORTS: Two patients, who started at the age of 4 years with episodes of motor deficits or seizures, together with an important sensory disorder that lasted for hours, which were sometimes triggered by banal traumatic injuries. A detailed description of the clinical and developmental features, as well as the studies conducted, is provided. The genetic study revealed mutations in gene ATP1A2: in one case this consisted in a nucleotide substitution in exon 18 (G2501A) that had already been reported, while in the other case there was a previously unknown change (c.381+3 G>T) in intron 4. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that this condition should be suspected when a disagreement between the duration or the severity of the seizures and the duration and characteristics of the ensuing stupor is detected.


Assuntos
Enxaqueca com Aura/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Enxaqueca com Aura/complicações , Enxaqueca com Aura/diagnóstico , Enxaqueca com Aura/genética , Mutação , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/genética , Estupor/etiologia , Estupor/fisiopatologia
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